From 2014 to 2018, the percentage of adults aged 18–24 years who currently smoked cigarettes decreased from 16.7% to 7.8%. The percentage of adults in this age group who currently used electronic cigarettes increased from 5.1% to 7.6%.
Source: National Health Interview Survey, 2014–2018 data. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.
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Questions for Patrick Drake, Health Statistician and Lead Author of “Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy: United States, 2016.”
Q: Why did you decide to examine smoking during pregnancy?
PD: Questions on tobacco use during pregnancy were first introduced on the US certificate of live birth in 2003, but not all states reported that information until 2016. NCHS’s 2016 natality file provides the first look at nationally representative rates of smoking during pregnancy in the United States from vital statistics data.
Q: Has the National Vital Statistics System ever examined cigarette smoking during pregnancy in the past?
PD: NCHS produced a report on the topic using data from the National Vital Statistics System in 2016. That report presents levels of smoking during pregnancy as well as smoking cessation rates in 46 states and the District of Columbia for 2014.
Q: What differences or similarities did you see among race and ethnic groups, and various demographics, in this analysis?
PD: Smoking rates varied widely by state, maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, and by maternal education:
Q: What is the take home message in this report?
PD: It has been well established that maternal tobacco use during pregnancy is linked to a host of negative infant and child outcomes. Despite the well-understood risk to mother and child, still about one of every 14 women in the United States smoked during pregnancy. These levels do vary widely by state, maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, and education, but any amount of smoking during pregnancy is too much. These data can be used to better identify which women might be at greater risk of smoking during pregnancy and better inform future preventative strategies.
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In 2016, men aged 18 years or older were more likely to be current smokers than women (17.5% compared with 13.6%).
Non-Hispanic black men (20.1%) and non-Hispanic white men (18.4%) were more likely to be current smokers than Hispanic men (13.8%).
Non-Hispanic white women (16.2%) were more likely to be current smokers than non-Hispanic black women (13.2%) and Hispanic women (6.9%).
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6701a10.htm
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A new Health, United States Spotlight Infographic from the National Center for Health Statistics is now available online. This infographic features data on teenage childbearing, tobacco use, suicide deaths and obesity.
Health, United States Spotlights are infographics of selected health data available in Health, United States, the annual report on the health of the nation sub
mitted by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to the President and Congress.
Content includes selected indicators on important public health issues from the report’s four subject areas: health status and determinants, utilization of health resources, health care resources, and health care expenditures and payers. Like the report, the Spotlights display the most current data available and, where possible, trends over a ten-year period.
For some indicators, a different set of data years or combined years of data may be shown, depending on survey cycles and design changes. Data sources are identified for each health indicator to enable further exploration and include data systems from both the National Center for Health Statistics and partnering government and private agencies. Changes over time and differences among groups are presented using standard statistical techniques used in Health, United States.
Each Spotlight displays approximately four health indicators allowing users to visualize and interpret complex information from different data systems and Health, United States subject areas. Multiple infographics will be released throughout the year to spotlight important and relevant health data from Health, United States.
For more information on past and present infographics, please visit: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/hus_infographic.htm.
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Tainya C. Clarke, Ph.D., M.P.H., Health Statistician
Questions for Tainya C. Clarke, Ph.D., M.P.H., Health Statistician and Lead Author on the “Early Release of Selected Estimates Based on Data From the January–September 2016 National Health Interview Survey.”
Q: What health measures does this report look at?
TC: The measures covered in this report are lack of health insurance coverage and type of coverage, having a usual place to go for medical care, obtaining needed medical care, receipt of influenza vaccination, receipt of pneumococcal vaccination, obesity, leisure–time physical activity, current cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, general health status, personal care needs, serious psychological distress, diagnosed diabetes, and asthma episodes and current asthma. Three of these measures (lack of health insurance coverage, leisure-time physical activity, and current cigarette smoking) are directly related to Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators.
Q: How do you collect your data for these surveys?
TC: The data is collected by household interview surveys that are fielded continuously throughout the year by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Interviews are conducted in respondents’ homes. Health and socio-demographic information is collected on each member of all families residing within a sampled household. Within each family, additional information is collected from one randomly selected adult (the “sample adult”) aged 18 years or older and one randomly selected child (the “sample child”) aged 17 years or younger. NHIS data is collected at one point in time so we cannot determine causation. Data presented in this report are quarterly data and are preliminary.
Q: What are some of the findings that you would highlight in this early release report?
TC: Here are some findings from the early release report:
• The percentage of persons of all ages who had a usual place to go for medical care decreased, from 87.9% in 2003 to 85.4% in 2010, and then increased to 88.3% in January–September 2016.
• The percentage of persons who failed to obtain needed medical care due to cost increased, from 4.3% in 1999 to 6.9% in 2009 and 2010, and then decreased to 4.4% in January–September 2016.
• The percentage of adults aged 65 and over who had ever received a pneumococcal vaccination increased from 63.5% in 2015 to 67.3% in January–September 2016.
• The prevalence of obesity among U.S. adults aged 20 and over increased, from 19.4% in 1997 to 30.6% in January–September 2016.
• In the third quarter of 2016, 52.8% of U.S. adults aged 18 and over met the 2008 federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic activity (based on leisure-time activity). This was higher than the third quarter of 2015 estimate of 49.5%.
• The prevalence of current cigarette smoking among U.S. adults declined, from 24.7% in 1997 to 15.3% in 2015 and remained low through the third quarter of 2016 (15.9%).
• During January–September 2016, men were more likely to have had at least 1 heavy alcohol drinking day (31.6%) in the past year compared with women (18.6%).
• The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18 and over increased, from 5.1% in 1997 to 9.2% in 2010, and has since remained stable through January–September 2016.
Q: What do the findings in this report tell us about the health of the country overall?
TC: Since 2010, the percentage of uninsured persons has decreased by almost 50% (16.0% vs 8.8%) and the percentage of persons who failed to obtain needed medical care due to cost has also shown a significant decline during the same time period (6.9% to 4.4%). These two indicators demonstrate increased access to healthcare from 2010 to September 2016.
Q: Are there any trends in this report that Americans should be concerned about?
TC: Although in the 3rd quarter of 2016, 52.8% of U.S. adults met the 2008 federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic activity; obesity is an epidemic that has seen a steady increase since 1997 and now affects just under one third (30.6%) of U.S. adults.
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A new NCHS report presents findings on maternal smoking prevalence and cessation before and during pregnancy as collected on the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth, for a 46-state and District of Columbia reporting area, representing 95% of all births in the United States.
Findings:
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Smoking is the primary cause of preventable death in the United States. Studies show that a majority of smokers would like to quit and that even simple advice from physicians has a positive effect on cessation rates. Federal and nonprofit agencies have recommended screening and identification of smokers by clinicians and health care delivery systems, as well as intervention and guidance on quitting. Studies suggest that older persons, women, heavier smokers, and those in poorer health are more likely to receive medical advice to quit smoking.
A new NCHS report extends earlier research by identifying key population and health characteristics associated with those U.S. cigarette smokers aged 18 and over who had a health professional talk to them about their smoking.
Key Findings from the Report:
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